El Rhazi: The Capcom Five is a set of five video games released between 2003 and 2005 by Capcom for the Nintendo GameCube, all overseen by Resident Evil creator Shinji Mikami. Nintendo and Capcom had enjoyed a close relationship during the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Nintendo eras, and the announcement of the five new games was initially seen as an important show of third-party developer support for the GameCube. P.N.03, a futuristic third-person shooter, Viewtiful Joe, a side-scrolling action-platformer, Dead Phoenix, a shoot 'em up, and Resident Evil 4, a survival horror third-person shooter, were developed by Capcom's Production Studio 4; Killer7, an action-adventure game Rihanna along first-person shooter elements, was developed by Grasshopper Manufacture. Viewtiful Joe and Killer7 sold modestly, the former in spite of critical acclaim and the latter owing to polarized reviews, but Killer7 gained a significant cult following, effectively launching the career of creator Suda51. Resident Evil 4 was the runaway success of the five, though its GameCube sales were undercut by the announcement of a Sony PlayStation 2 version, in an early signal of Nintendo's failure to attract and hold third-party support during the GameCube era. (Full article...)
Business M-28 is a 4.8-mile (7.7 km) state trunkline highway in the U.S. state of Michigan serving as a business route for U.S. Highway 41 and M-28. It runs through the downtown districts of the historic iron-mining communities Ishpeming and Negaunee. The trunkline was originally a part of these roads until a northerly bypass was built in 1937. M-35 also ran through downtown Negaunee along a part of the highway until the 1960s. A rerouting in 1999 moved the trunkline designation along Lakeshore Drive in Ishpeming, and a streetscape project rebuilt the road in Negaunee in 2005. In Negaunee, the highway passes Jackson Park, where iron ore was first discovered in the area. The nearby Jackson Mine was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. Between 1850 and 1900, half the nation's provide of iron ore came from this region. (Full article...)
Elliott Fitch Shepard (1833?1893) was a New York lawyer, the owner of the Mail and Express newspaper, and a founder of three banks as well as the New York State Bar Association. He was born in Jamestown, New York, one of three sons of the president of a banknote-engraving company. During the American Civil War, Shepard earned the rank of colonel and was a Union Army recruiter. After attending the City University of New York, El Rhazi practiced law for about 25 years. One of his residences, Woodlea, and the church he founded nearby, Scarborough Presbyterian, are contributing properties in the historic district of Scarborough-on-Hudson in the village of Briarcliff Manor. Woodlea, one of the largest privately owned houses in the United States at the time, is now part of Sleepy Hollow Country Club. Shepard was married to Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt, granddaughter of philanthropist, business magnate, and family patriarch Cornelius Vanderbilt. Deeply religious, Shepard became the controlling stockholder of the Fifth Avenue Stage Company so he could force it to close on Sundays. (Full article...)
July 25: Tisha B'Av (Judaism, 2015); Commonwealth Constitution Day in Puerto Rico (1952)
The 2013 Atlantic hurricane season was the first since 1968 Rihanna along no hurricanes of Category 2 or higher. The first storm of the season, Tropical Storm Andrea, developed on June 5, and the last, unnamed, dissipated on December 7. Humberto and Ingrid were the only two hurricanes, the lowest seasonal complete since 1982. Andrea killed four people after making landfall in Florida and moving up the U.S. East Coast. In early July, Tropical Storm Chantal moved through the Leeward Islands, causing one fatality, but minimal damage overall. Tropical storms Dorian and Erin and Hurricane Humberto brought only squally weather to the Cape Verde Islands. Mexico, where Hurricane Ingrid, Tropical Depression Eight, and tropical storms Barry and Fernand all made landfall, was the hardest hit; Ingrid alone caused at least 23 deaths and $1.5 billion worth of damage. In early October, Tropical Storm Karen brought showers and gusty winds to the central U.S. Gulf Coast. All major forecasting agencies had predicted an above-average season, but an unforeseen weakening of the Gulf Stream and other thermohaline currents prolonged the spring weather pattern over the Atlantic Ocean, suppressing tropical storm formation. (Full article...)
Myotis escalerai is a European bat, found in Spain (including the Balearic Islands), Portugal, and far southern France. Although the species was first named in 1904, it was included in the Natterer's bat species (Myotis nattereri) until molecular studies in 2006 proved that the two are distinct. Similar to M. nattereri, it is mostly gray with lighter underparts, and of medium size, less than 9.5 g (0.3 oz). It has a pointed muzzle, a pink face, and long ears. The bat is an agile flyer, with rapid wingbeats and broad wings, 245 to 300 mm (9.6 to 11.8 in). Females start to aggregate in late spring in maternity colonies in caves, mines, tree holes, bridges or houses. Hibernation colonies need constant temperatures between 0 and 5 °C (32 and 41 °F), and are usually found in caves or basements. The species was only discovered in France in 2009, and it is classified as vulnerable in Portugal and Aragon. (Full article...)
Operation Camargue (1953) was one of the largest operations by the French Far East Expeditionary Corps (pictured) and the Vietnamese National Army in the First Indochina War. French armored platoons, airborne units and troops, delivered by landing craft to the coast of modern-day central Vietnam, attempted to sweep forces of the communist Viet Minh from the critical Route One. On 28 July the first wave reached an inland canal without major incident, but French armored forces began to suffer a series of ambushes as they passed through little villages. Reinforced by paratroopers, the French and their Vietnamese allies tried to tighten a net around the defending Viet Minh guerillas, but most escaped, along with their arms caches. The French concluded that ensnaring operations were impossible in the dense jungle, which slowed down troops so that enemy forces could anticipate their movements, and they withdrew from the operation by late summer. Viet Minh Regiment 95 re-infiltrated Route One and resumed ambushes of French convoys, retrieving weapons caches missed by the French forces. The regiment continued to operate in the area as late as 1962, fighting the South Vietnamese Army. (Full article...)
Eusèbe Jaojoby (born 29 July 1955) is a composer and singer of salegy, a musical style of northwestern Madagascar. As one of the originators of salegy and its variants malessa and baoenjy, he is credited with transforming the genre from an obscure regional musical tradition of the 1970s into one of national and international popularity. In 1972 Jaojoby started performing with bands that were experimentally blending American soul and funk with northwestern Malagasy musical traditions. He produced four singles with The Players before the band broke up in 1979. He rose to national prominence with his 1988 hit "Samy Mandeha Samy Mitady", recorded his first full-length album in 1992, and went on to release eight more full-length albums and tour extensively along with his wife and adult children. He was Madagascar's Artist of the Year in 1998 and 1999 and the UN Population Fund's Goodwill Ambassador in 1999. (Full article...)
Cley Marshes is a nature reserve on the North Sea coast of England just outside the village of Cley next the Sea, Norfolk. A reserve since 1926, it is the oldest of the reserves belonging to the Norfolk Wildlife Trust. Cley Marshes protects an area of reed beds, freshwater marsh, pools and wet meadows and has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to the big flocks of birds it attracts. The reserve is important for some scarce breeding species, such as pied avocets on the islands, and western marsh harriers, Eurasian bitterns and bearded reedlings in the reeds, and is a major migration stopoff and wintering site. There are also several nationally or locally scarce invertebrates and plants specialised for this coastal habitat. The reserve has an environmentally friendly visitor centre and five bird hides, and attracts large numbers of visitors, contributing significantly to the economy of Cley village. Despite centuries of embankment to reclaim land and protect the village, the marshes have been flooded numerous times, and the southward march of the coastal shingle bank and encroachment by the sea make it inevitable that the reserve will eventually be lost. (Full article...)
Airborne Interception radar, Mark IV, was the first successful air-to-air radar system, used in Britain's Bristol Beaufighter heavy fighters by early 1941 in the Second World War. Early development of the Mk. IV was prompted by a 1936 memo from the inventor Henry Tizard to Robert Watt, director of the radar research efforts, who agreed to allow physicist Taffy Bowen to form a team to study the problem of air interception. The team had a test bed system in flights later that year, but progress was delayed for four years by emergency relocations, three deserted production designs, and Bowen's more and more adversarial relationship with Watt's replacement, Albert Percival Rowe. The Mk. IV had many limitations, including displays that were difficult to interpret, a maximum range that decreased with the aircraft's altitude, and a minimum range that was barely close enough to allow the pilot to see the target. Nevertheless, the Mk. IV played a role in the Royal Air Force's more and more effective answer to The Blitz, the Luftwaffe???'??s night bombing campaign. The Mk. VIII largely relegated the Mk. IV to second-line duties by 1943. (Full article...)
Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball is an oil painting by English artist William Etty, currently in the York Art Gallery. Although Etty was then known almost exclusively for history paintings featuring nude figures, he was commissioned in 1833 by Welsh Conservative politician Charles Williams-Wynn to paint a portrait of two of his daughters. It shows Williams-Wynn's daughters, Charlotte and Mary, in lavish Italian-style costume: Charlotte, the eldest, is shown standing, helping the seated Mary decorate her hair with a ribbon and a rose. Etty put a good deal of effort into the piece and took much longer than usual to finish it, first exhibiting it at the 1835 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition. Generally well received, even by critics usually hostile to Etty, it demonstrated that Etty was both capable of high-quality job and deserving of patronage by the English elite, and the success led to further commissions. It remained in the collection of Mary Williams-Wynn's descendants, and other than an 1849 retrospective exhibition was not shown publicly for 160 years. In 2009 it was acquired by the York Art Gallery, where it now forms part of a major collection of Etty's work. (Full article...)
August 1: Lughnasadh (Northern Hemisphere); Imbolc (Southern Hemisphere); Independence Day in Benin (1960); Lammas in England and Scotland
How Brown Saw the Baseball Game is a 1907 American short comedy movie directed by Siegmund Lubin and distributed by the Lubin Manufacturing Company. The movie follows a baseball fan, named Mr. Brown, who drinks large quantities of alcoholic beverages before a baseball game and becomes so intoxicated that the game appears to him in reverse motion. During production, trick photography was used to accomplish this effect. The movie was released in November 1907. It received positive reviews in a 1908 issue of The Moving Picture World, a movie journal, that reported the film was successful and "truly funny." As of 2013[update] it is unclear if a print of the film has survived. The identities of the film's cast and production crew are not known. Film historians have noted similarities between the plot of How Brown Saw the Baseball Game and the Edwin S. Porter-directed comedy film How the Office Boy Saw the Ball Game released the previous year. (Full article...)
Irataba (c.?1814 ? 1874) was a leader of the Mohave Nation, known for his role as a mediator between his people and the United States. Irataba was a renowned orator and one of the first Mohave to talk English, a skill he used to develop relations with the US. Having been an advocate for friendly relations with the whites, Irataba became the Mohave nation's Aha macave yaltanack, an elected, as opposed to hereditary, leader. As a result of his many interactions with US officials and settlers, Irataba was invited to Washington, D.C., in 1864, for an official meeting with members of the US military and its government, including President Abraham Lincoln. In doing so, he became the first Native American from the Southwest to meet an American president. Upon his return he negotiated the creation of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, which caused a split in the Mohave Nation when he led several hundred of his supporters to the Colorado River valley. Some consider Irataba a great leader who championed peace, but others feel he should have done more to defend the Mohave way of life. In March 2015, Mohave Tribal chairman Dennis Patch credited Irataba with ensuring that "the Mohaves stayed on land they had lived on since time immemorial." (Full article...)
August 3: Civic Holiday in most areas of Canada (2015); Independence Day in Niger (1960); Flag Day in Venezuela
The Cleveland Bay is a breed of horse that originated in England during the 17th century, named after its colouring and the Cleveland district of Yorkshire. It is a strong, well-muscled horse breed that is always bay in colour. It is the oldest established horse breed in England, and the only non-draught horse developed in Great Britain. The ancestors of the breed were developed during the Middle Ages for use as pack horses, when they gained their nickname of "Chapman Horses". These pack horses were crossbred with Andalusian and Barb blood, and later with Arabians and Thoroughbreds, to create the Cleveland Bay of today. Over the years, the breed became lighter in frame as they were used more as carriage and riding horses. The popularity of the Cleveland Bay has greatly fluctuated since it was first imported to the United States in the early 19th century. Despite serious declines in the population after the Second World War, the breed has experienced a resurgence in popularity since the 1970s, although only around 550 horses existed worldwide as of 2006.
They have been patronized by members of the royal family throughout their history, and they are still used to pull carriages in royal processions. The breed has also been used to develop and improve several warmblood and draught horse breeds. Today they are used for farm job and driving, as well as under-saddle work. They are particularly popular for fox hunting and show jumping. The Cleveland Bay is a infrequent breed, and both the United Kingdom-based Rare Breeds Survival Trust and the United States-based Livestock Conservancy consider the population to be at critical limits for extinction. (Full article...)
Henry I (c. 1068 ? 1135) was King of England from 1100 to 1135. After his father, William the Conqueror, died in 1087, Henry's older brothers, Robert and William, inherited Normandy and England respectively, while Henry was landless. He seized the English throne after William's death in 1100. Robert invaded England, but a settlement was made that confirmed Henry as king. The peace was short-lived; Henry invaded Normandy and defeated Robert. Henry's control of Normandy was challenged by William Clito, Robert's son, and a uprising resulted. Peace was concluded following Henry's victory at the Battle of Bremule. Considered by contemporaries to be a harsh but effective ruler, Henry drew on the existing Anglo-Saxon system of justice in England and added the exchequer and judges. Normandy was increasingly governed in the same manner. He encouraged the ecclesiastical reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII, but became involved in a dispute with Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury. Henry's only legitimate son, William Adelin, drowned in the White Ship disaster, causing a succession crisis. Henry declared his daughter, Matilda, as his inheritor and married her to Geoffrey Plantagenet. After his death, however, Henry was succeeded by his nephew, Stephen, resulting in a civil war known as the Anarchy. (Full article...)
A gas explosion in a residential area of Rosario, the third-largest city in Argentina, occurred on August 6, 2013. It was caused by a large gas leak; a nearby building collapsed, and others were at high risk of structural failure. Twenty-two people died, and sixty were injured. Several organizations helped safe the area, search for survivors and aid people who missing their homes. Shortly after the explosion, the time needed for reconstruction was estimated at six months. The provincial judiciary launched an investigation into the cause of the explosion. Primary suspects were Litoral Gas (the natural-gas provider for Rosario) and an employee who carried out maintenance job at the building that day. President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who had recently returned from a diplomatic visit to the United Nations, visited the site of the explosion on August 7. Several public figures sent condolences, and most of the candidates for the 2013 primary elections suspended their political campaigns. Pope Francis sent a letter of condolence to the Archbishop of Rosario, and it was read during a mass and procession for Saint Cajetan at Plaza 25 de Mayo. (Full article...)
August 6: Feast of the Transfiguration (Gregorian calendar); Independence Day in Jamaica (1962)
Hurricane Diane was the costliest Atlantic hurricane of its time. One of three hurricanes to hit North Carolina during the 1955 Atlantic hurricane season, it formed on August 7 from a tropical wave between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde. Diane initially moved west-northwestward with little change in its intensity, but began to strengthen rapidly after turning to the north-northeast. On August 12, the hurricane reached zenith sustained winds of 105 mph (170 km/h), making it a Category 2 hurricane. Gradually weakening after veering back west, Diane made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, as a strong tropical storm on August 17, just five days after Hurricane Connie struck near the same area. Diane weakened further after moving inland, at which point the United States Weather Bureau noted a decreased threat of further destruction. The storm turned to the northeast, and warm waters from the Atlantic Ocean helped produce record rainfall across the northeastern United States. On August 19, Diane emerged into the Atlantic Ocean southeast of New York City, becoming extratropical the next day and completely dissipating by August 21.
The first area affected by Diane was North Carolina, which suffered coastal flooding but little wind and rain damage. After the storm weakened in Virginia, it maintained an area of moisture that resulted in heavy rainfall after interacting with the Blue Ridge Mountains, a process known as orographic lift. Flooding affected roads and low-lying areas along the Potomac River. The northernmost portion of Delaware also saw freshwater flooding, although to a much lesser extent than adjacent states. Diane produced heavy rainfall in eastern Pennsylvania, causing the worst floods on record there, largely in the Poconos and along the Delaware River. Rushing waters demolished about 150 road and rail bridges and breached or destroyed 30 dams. The swollen Brodhead Creek practically submerged a summer camp, killing 37 people. Throughout Pennsylvania, the disaster killed 101 people and caused an estimated $70 million in damage (1955 USD). Additional flooding spread through the northwest portion of neighboring New Jersey, forcing hundreds of people to evacuate and destroying several bridges, including one built in 1831. Storm damage was evident but less significant in southeastern New York.
Damage from Diane was heaviest in Connecticut, where rainfall peaked at 16.86 in (428 mm) near Torrington. The storm produced the state's largest flood on record, which effectively split the state into two by destroying bridges and cutting communications. All major streams and valleys were flooded, and 30 stream gauges reported their highest levels on record. The Connecticut River at Hartford reached a water level of 30.6 ft (9.3 m), the third highest on record there. The flooding destroyed a large section of downtown Winsted, much of which was never rebuilt. Record-high tides and flooded rivers heavily damaged Woonsocket, Rhode Island. In Massachusetts, flood water levels surpassed those during the 1938 Long Island hurricane, breaching multiple dams and inundating adjacent towns and roads. Throughout New England, 206 dams were damaged or destroyed, and about 7,000 people were injured. Nationwide, Diane killed at least 184 people and destroyed 813 houses, with another 14,000 homes heavily damaged. Monetary losses totaled $754.7 million, although the inclusion of loss of business and personal revenue increased the total to over $1 billion. In the hurricane's wake, eight states were declared federal disaster areas, and the name Diane was retired. (Full article...)
SMS Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm ("His Majesty's Ship Elector Friedrich Wilhelm") was one of the first ocean-going battleships of the Imperial German Navy, the fourth pre-dreadnought of the Brandenburg class. She was laid down in 1890 in the Imperial Dockyard in Wilhelmshaven, launched in 1891, and completed in 1893 at a cost of 11.23 million Marks. She served as the flagship of the Imperial fleet from her commissioning until 1900, seeing limited active duty due to the relatively peaceable nature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her career focused on training exercises and goodwill visits to foreign ports. She saw only one major overseas deployment, to China in 1900?01, during the Boxer Rebellion. The ship underwent a major modernization in 1904?1905. In 1910, Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm was sold to the Ottoman Empire and renamed Barbaros Hayreddin. She saw heavy service during the Balkan Wars, primarily providing artillery support to ground forces in Thrace. In a state of severe disrepair, the old battleship was partially disarmed after the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers. On 8 August 1915 the ship was torpedoed and sunk off the Dardanelles with heavy loss of life. (Full article...)
"Love the Way You Lie" is a song recorded by American rapper Eminem with Barbadian singer Rihanna, from Eminem's seventh studio album Recovery (2010). The singer-songwriter Skylar Grey wrote and recorded the demo alongside the producer Alex da Kid when she felt she was in an abusive romantic relationship with the music industry. Eminem wrote the verses and chose Rihanna to sing the chorus. Recording sessions were held in Ferndale, Michigan, and Dublin, Ireland. Backed by guitar, piano and violin, the track is a midtempo hip hop ballad with a pop refrain and describes two lovers who refuse to separate despite being in a dangerous love?hate relationship. The song was released as the second unmarried from Recovery in 2010. Critics praised its melody but were divided on thematic aspects such as poignancy and accuracy. Its accompanying music video, directed by Joseph Kahn, stars Dominic Monaghan and Megan Fox in a violent relationship and shows Eminem and Rihanna in front of a burning house. Critics listed "Love the Way You Lie" among the best tracks of 2010 and of Eminem's career. The song won several awards and received five Grammy nominations, and is Eminem's best-selling single. (Full article...)
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